The Accumulation/Distribution Line (A/D) measures the supply and demand of an asset or security by looking at where price closed in a period range and then multiplying that by volume.
A bullish engulfing pattern is a candlestick pattern that forms when a small black candlestick the next day is followed by a large white candlestick whose body completely overlaps or engulfs the body of the previous day’s candlestick.