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Disequilibrium is when external forces cause an imbalance between supply and demand in the market. In response, the market enters a state in which supply and demand do not match. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is a well-known US benchmark index for blue chip stocks. EAFE is a broad market index of stocks located in Europe, Australia and the Middle East. An earnings estimate is an analyst’s forecast of a public company’s future quarterly or annual earnings per share (EPS). The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) or theory states that stock prices reflect all information. An emerging market economy is an economy that is transitioning to a developed economy. The Emerging Market Bond Index (EMBI) tracks the performance of emerging market bonds and was first published by investment bank JP Morgan. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index is used to measure the financial performance of companies in emerging economies around the world. Equity capital markets (ECM) refer to a wide network of financial institutions, channels and markets that together help companies raise capital. Stock markets are a meeting place for issuers and buyers of shares in a market economy.