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The 1979 energy crisis was one of two oil price shocks in the 1970s - the other was in 1973. Category 3P oil reserves represent the total amount of estimated reserves, including all proved and unproved reserves to which the company has access. A barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) is a way of standardizing natural gas and other energy resources against a barrel of oil energy. Energy quota and trading programs are designed to progressively reduce pollution by giving companies an incentive to invest in cleaner alternatives. Crude oil is a raw natural resource that is extracted from the earth and processed into products such as gasoline, jet fuel and other petroleum products. Refining operations are processes associated with the transformation of oil and gas into final products. Energy Risk Professional (ERP) is a professional title conferred by the Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP). Estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) refers to the potential production expected from an oil well or field. Mining regulations allow oil, gas and minerals miners to renew land leases after they expire while mines are still productive. The Hubbert Curve is a method for predicting the performance of any finite resource.