A call is an option contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy a certain amount of the underlying security at a certain price for a certain time.
A collar is an options strategy that involves buying a put option down and selling a put option up, which is used to protect against large losses but also cap large profits up.
Deep-in-the-money options have strike prices that are significantly above or below the market price of the underlying asset and thus contain mostly intrinsic value.
Delta hedging is an options strategy that aims to be directional neutral by establishing compensating long and short positions in the same underlying asset.