Choice 83(b) is an Internal Revenue Code (IRC) provision that gives an employee or startup founder the ability to pay taxes on the total fair market value of the restricted shares at the time of grant.
The Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) is a law that imposes a payroll tax on any business with employees; the income generated is used to fund unemployment benefits.
A franchise tax is a fee paid by certain businesses that want to do business in certain states. Contrary to what the name implies, a franchise tax is not a franchise tax.