• The adjusted closing price changes the closing price of a share to reflect the value of that share after accounting for any corporate action.

Allocation is the systematic distribution of business resources between different entities and over time.#

• Alphabet shares are shares of a publicly traded company that have different classes of shares, commonly referred to as “.A shares” or “.B shares”.

• Anti-dilution clauses are clauses built into convertible preferred shares to help protect investors from their investments that could lose value.

• Par value is the price at which the bond was issued, also known as its face value.

• A backstop is the act of providing extreme assistance or security in an offering of securities to an unsubscribed portion of the shares.

• The basic materials sector consists of companies involved in the exploration, development and processing of raw materials.

• BAT stock is an acronym used to refer to China’s top three technology companies: Baidu Inc., Alibaba Holding Group Ltd. and Tencent Holdings Ltd.

• Bearer shares are unregistered equity securities owned by the owner of the physical shares documents. The issuing company pays dividends to holders of physical coupons.

• Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that uses living organisms such as microbes and bacteria to decontaminate affected areas.