Basic Materials

• Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that uses living organisms such as microbes and bacteria to decontaminate affected areas.

• The adjusted closing price changes the closing price of a share to reflect the value of that share after accounting for any corporate action.

Allocation is the systematic distribution of business resources between different entities and over time.#

• Alphabet shares are shares of a publicly traded company that have different classes of shares, commonly referred to as “.A shares” or “.B shares”.

• Anti-dilution clauses are clauses built into convertible preferred shares to help protect investors from their investments that could lose value.

• Par value is the price at which the bond was issued, also known as its face value.

• BAT stock is an acronym used to refer to China’s top three technology companies: Baidu Inc., Alibaba Holding Group Ltd. and Tencent Holdings Ltd.

• A backstop is the act of providing extreme assistance or security in an offering of securities to an unsubscribed portion of the shares.

• Bearer shares are unregistered equity securities owned by the owner of the physical shares documents. The issuing company pays dividends to holders of physical coupons.

• The “tit in hand” theory says that investors prefer stock dividends over potential capital gains due to the uncertainty of capital gains.

• The Blue Ocean is considered (from a marketing point of view) as yet an untapped or uncontested market space. – The term was coined by Chang Kim and René Mauborgne in Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Free Market Space and Eliminate Competition.

• A buyout is a reference to an investor buying back shares because the original seller was unable to deliver the shares as promised.

• Cash dividends are payments made by a company to its shareholders in the form of periodic cash distributions (as opposed to shares or any other form).

• Ordinary shares are securities representing ownership of a corporation.

• Compound interest is a process in which interest is credited to the existing principal as well as to the interest already paid.

• Consumer goods and services is an industry classification of non-essential consumer goods and services monitored by analysts and investors.

• Consumer goods (CPG) are goods that are used daily by average consumers and require regular replacement or replenishment, such as food, beverages, clothing, tobacco, cosmetics and household goods.

• Consumer goods stocks represent companies that are not cyclical because they produce or sell goods or services that are always in demand.

• Most interest is accrued every six months, quarter or month.

• Convertible preferred shares are a type of preferred shares that pay dividends and can be converted into ordinary shares at a fixed conversion rate after a certain period of time.

• Shares are dividend, which means “with dividend” when the company has declared that the dividend will be in the future, but has not yet paid them.

• Cyclical stocks are affected by macroeconomic changes when their returns match the cycles of the economy.

• A debt/equity swap involves an exchange of capital for debt in order to write off money owed to creditors.

• Decoupling is when the performance of an asset class that has been correlated with other assets in the past no longer changes in line with expectations.

• Defensive stocks are stocks that provide stable dividends and stable earnings regardless of the overall state of the stock market.