The Bond Agreement establishes certain actions to be taken or prohibited by the bond issuer.
Covenants are legally binding provisions and violation of them will result in compensatory or other legal action.
Affirmative (positive) covenants are legal promises to engage in certain activities or meet certain criteria added to the financial contract that the issuer must follow.
Restrictive (negative) covenants instead restrict the company or issuer from engaging in certain activities.
Hard call protection or absolute call protection is a condition of a callable bond, according to which the issuer cannot exercise the call and redeem the bond before a specified date, usually three to five years from the date of issue.
A harmless warrant is a provision that requires the holder of a bond to return the bond to the issuer if he buys another bond with similar terms from the same issuer.
The high yield bond spread, also known as the credit spread, is the difference between the yield on a high yield bond and a benchmark bond such as an investment grade or treasury bond.
Japanese government bonds (JGB) are bonds issued by the Japanese government that have become a key element in the country’s central bank’s efforts to boost inflation.
A kicker, also known as a sweetener or wrinkle, is a feature added to a debt instrument that makes it more attractive to potential lenders or investors.
The unamortized bond premium is the net difference in the price at which the bond issuer sells the securities, less the actual face value of the bonds at maturity.
A Yankee bond is a US dollar-denominated debt instrument publicly issued in the US by foreign banks and corporations, and sometimes even by governments.