The United States issued gold certificates, the face value of which was identical to their face value in dollars, from 1879 to 1934, when the country abandoned the gold standard.
US Gold Certificates now only have collectible value.
Gold certificates are still issued by some banks and other companies as proof of ownership of a specified amount of gold bars.
Agribusiness is a combination of the words “agriculture” and “business” and refers to any business related to agriculture and commercial activities related to agriculture.
Crude oil is a raw natural resource that is extracted from the earth and processed into products such as gasoline, jet fuel and other petroleum products.
Gross Processing Margin (GPM) is the difference between the cost of a commodity and the revenue generated after the commodity has been sold as a finished product.
In the financial arena, the term hardening is commonly used to refer to a period of rising prices and decreasing volatility, especially in commodity trading.
Hotelling theory determines the price or yield at which the owner of a non-renewable resource will extract it and sell it, rather than leave it and wait.