Gold Standard

• The League of Arab States is a regional multinational organization of the Arabic-speaking countries of the African and Asian continents.

• Futures to Physical Exchange (EFP) allows one party to exchange a futures contract for the actual underlying asset.

• The S&P GSCI is a benchmark commodity index that tracks the performance of the global commodity market.

Gemology is the science of identifying gemstones.#

• A gold bug is one who explains the value of gold as an investment and thinks that its price will constantly rise.

• The United States issued gold certificates, the face value of which was identical to their face value in dollars, from 1879 to 1934, when the country abandoned the gold standard.

• Gross Processing Margin (GPM) is the difference between the cost of a commodity and the revenue generated after the commodity has been sold as a finished product.

• In the financial arena, the term hardening is commonly used to refer to a period of rising prices and decreasing volatility, especially in commodity trading.

Accumulation is the purchase of a large quantity of a commodity by a speculator with the intention of capitalizing on future price increases.#

• A horizontal spread is a simultaneous long and short position in derivatives for the same underlying asset and strike price, but with different expiration dates.

• Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) is an American company that owns and operates financial and commodity markets and exchanges.

• A job lot is a futures contract, the par value of which is less than a standard lot.

Krugerrands are South African gold coins minted in 1967.#

• The resource curse refers to countries that lag behind economically despite benefiting from valuable natural resources.

• A store of value is an asset that retains its value and does not depreciate.

• Tick size - the minimum change in the price increment of a trading instrument. – Tick sizes used to be in fractions (e.g. 1/16th of $1), but today they are mostly decimal based and expressed in cents.

• Institutional investors wishing to invest in timber and forest land often turn to Timber Investment Management Organizations (TIMO).

USDA stands for United States Department of Agriculture and is a federal agency founded by Abraham Lincoln in 1862.#

• Warehouse financing is a way for businesses to borrow money against their inventory.

• The Witching Hour is the last hour of trading before options or other derivatives contracts expire.

• The 1979 energy crisis was one of two oil price shocks in the 1970s - the other was in 1973.

• Category 3P oil reserves represent the total amount of estimated reserves, including all proved and unproved reserves to which the company has access.

• Agribusiness is a combination of the words “agriculture” and “business” and refers to any business related to agriculture and commercial activities related to agriculture.

• An American option is a type of option contract that allows holders to exercise their rights at any time up to and including the expiration date.

• An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) miner is a computerized device or hardware that uses an ASIC solely to mine bitcoin or another cryptocurrency.