The Howey test determines what qualifies as an “investment contract” and therefore falls under US securities laws.
An investment contract exists if there is an “investment of money in a common enterprise with a reasonable expectation of profiting from the efforts of others.”
The Howey test is important for locating blockchain and digital currency projects among project investors and supporters.
Some cryptocurrencies and initial coin offerings (ICOs) may meet the definition of an “investment contract” according to the Howey test.
The 2,000 investor limit or rule is a key threshold for private businesses that are unwilling to disclose financial information for public consumption.
The 500 shareholder threshold was a rule set by the SEC that required companies to publicly disclose financial statements and other information if they reached 500 or more individual shareholders.
The Basel Accords are part of a series of three international banking regulatory meetings that established capital requirements and risk measurements for global banks.
A compliance officer is a person who makes sure that the company complies with external regulatory and legal requirements, as well as internal policies and charters.
Securities and Exchange Commission Form 13F must be filed quarterly by institutional investment managers with at least $100 million in assets under management.
Form 144 must be filed with the SEC if there is an order to sell company stock during any three-month period where the sale volume exceeds 5,000 shares or units or the aggregate sale price exceeds $50,000.
The Glass-Steagall Act was passed in 1933 and separated investment and commercial banking in response to the participation of commercial banks in investments in the stock market.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international non-governmental organization made up of national standards bodies that develops and publishes a wide range of private, industrial and commercial standards.
Financial advisers must comply with the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, which requires them to exercise fiduciary duties and act primarily on behalf of their clients.