Irrational exuberance is unfounded market optimism that lacks a real basis in fundamental valuation and instead relies on psychological factors.
The term was popularized by former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan in a 1996 speech addressing the growing Internet bubble in the stock market.
Irrational exuberance has become synonymous with creating inflated asset prices associated with bubbles that eventually burst and can lead to market panics.
China A-share is the shares of companies based in mainland China that are traded on two Chinese stock exchanges: the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE).
American Depository Shares (ADAs) refer to shares of foreign companies held by US depository banks and can be traded in the US, including on major exchanges.
Berhad (BHD) is the suffix used in Malaysia to denote a public limited company. The suffix Sendirian Berhad (SDN BHD) identifies a private limited company.
The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), founded in 1875 as an Association of Local Shareholders and Stockbrokers, is the first stock exchange in Asia and the largest securities market in India.
Disequilibrium is when external forces cause an imbalance between supply and demand in the market. In response, the market enters a state in which supply and demand do not match.