• Nominal interest rate refers to the interest rate before inflation.

  • The federal funds rate, the interest rate set by the Federal Reserve, is a short-term nominal interest rate that is the basis for other interest rates charged by banks and financial institutions.
  • To avoid erosion of purchasing power due to inflation, investors consider the real interest rate, not the nominal interest rate.
  • APY (Annual Percentage Yield) is the effective interest rate, which is generally more relevant to borrowers and lenders than the nominal or stated interest rate.