The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 expanded the powers of federal agencies to prevent and punish massive oil spills.
It was passed by the US Congress in response to the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill as an amendment to the Clean Water Act of 1972.
The purpose of the OPA was to design and establish a comprehensive federal framework that would prevent future oil spills and develop cleanup procedures in the event of a spill emergency.
OPA is primarily administered and administered by the US Coast Guard and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Prior to the passage of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, the US had little ability to deal with oil spills in terms of federal funding to respond to them, and a narrow scope of damages in terms of compensating victims. OPA corrected these shortcomings.
The Keystone pipeline was proposed by TC Energy (formerly TransCanadian Corp.) in 2005 to transport new hard-to-recover heavy oil deposits from the oil sands in Canada to US refineries.
The Upstream Capital Cost Index (UCCI) tracks the total capital cost of materials, facilities, equipment and personnel for oil and natural gas projects.
Preliminary drilling is a form of exploratory drilling in the oil and gas exploration and production process, the purpose of which is to develop unproven or high-risk areas.