• The p-value is a statistical measurement used to test a hypothesis based on observed data.
  • The p-value measures the probability of obtaining the observed results given that the null hypothesis is true.
  • The lower the p-value, the higher the statistical significance of the observed difference.
  • A p value of 0.05 or lower is generally considered statistically significant.
  • P-value can serve as an alternative or addition to pre-selected confidence levels for testing hypotheses.