Redlining is the discriminatory practice of denying services (usually financial) to residents of certain areas based on their race or ethnicity.
Under fair lending laws, these factors cannot be used to make lending or underwriting decisions.
The fix is most commonly associated with mortgage lending practices, but can also be seen in student loans, business loans, auto loans, and personal loans.
Due to discriminatory lending practices, home ownership and wealth in redlined communities is much lower than in non-minority communities.
Black money includes all funds earned as a result of illegal activities, as well as other legitimate income that is not taken into account for tax purposes.
A boiler room is a scheme in which sellers use high-pressure selling tactics to persuade investors to buy securities, including speculative and fraudulent securities.
Channel stuffing refers to the practice of a company supplying more products to distributors and retailers through a distribution channel than end users can purchase in a reasonable amount of time.
A High Yield Investment Program (HYIP) is a fraudulent investment scheme that aims to generate extremely high returns in excess of 100% on investments.
A letter scam in Nigeria is a scheme in which a sender offers someone a commission - usually via email - for helping them transfer a large amount of money.
Racketeering is the acquisition of a business through illegal activities, the conduct of a business with illegal income, or the use of a business to commit illegal activities.
A fraudulent trader is an employee of a financial firm who engages in unauthorized, often high-risk activities that result in large losses for the firm.