The shadow banking system is made up of lenders, brokers and other credit intermediaries that go beyond traditional regulated banking.
It is generally unregulated and not subject to the same risks, liquidity and capital restrictions as traditional banks.
The shadow banking system was instrumental in expanding home credit in the run-up to the 2008 financial crisis, but even since then it has grown in size and largely escaped government control.
The 2,000 investor limit or rule is a key threshold for private businesses that are unwilling to disclose financial information for public consumption.
The 500 shareholder threshold was a rule set by the SEC that required companies to publicly disclose financial statements and other information if they reached 500 or more individual shareholders.
The Basel Accords are part of a series of three international banking regulatory meetings that established capital requirements and risk measurements for global banks.
Basel III is an international regulatory agreement that introduced a series of reforms aimed at improving regulation, supervision and risk management in the banking sector.
Black money includes all funds earned as a result of illegal activities, as well as other legitimate income that is not taken into account for tax purposes.
A boiler room is a scheme in which sellers use high-pressure selling tactics to persuade investors to buy securities, including speculative and fraudulent securities.