• An aviation hazard is a hazard associated with the risk of death or disability associated with aviation operations that do not involve exposure to commercial aircraft. Such coverage may be limited by life and health policies through exclusion or may be subject to additional charges.

  • Avoidance is a risk management method in which the risk of loss is completely prevented by not participating in the activity that presents the risk. For example, a construction firm may decide not to take on environmental remediation projects to avoid the risks associated with this type of work.

  • “A” rates are estimated rates that do not have loss experience statistics as a basis for developing them. The underwriter develops these rates on an individual risk basis, in accordance with what the underwriter considers to be a fair rate commensurate with the associated risk.

  • The Agribusiness and Farm Insurance Specialist (AFIS®) is an insurance certification program consisting of a series of courses focused on the risk management and insurance needs of agribusinesses and farms. Individuals who complete the program are eligible to demonstrate an AFIS certificate to demonstrate their knowledge of agribusiness and farm insurance and risk management, as well as their commitment to the agribusiness industry. AFIS courses are approved for insurance agent or broker Continuing Education (CE) credit in most states. The AFIS program is administered by the International Institute for Risk Management, Inc. and is available online at AFIS <>.